Van Den Broeck, in High Performance Silicon Imaging, 2014 8.4.4 Temperature rangeĪutomotive image sensors must withstand a wider temperature range than their consumer counterparts, as the automotive parts are directly exposed to various atmospheric conditions, ranging from North Cape freezing temperatures to Sahara sun conditions. Read moreĬomplementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors for automotive applicationsĬ. SPADs are superb photon counting devices with excellent time resolution features which can find their use in future advanced X-ray sensors. Another emerging technology which can have an impact on X-ray sensors is the integration of single photon avalanche photodiodes (SPADs) into the CMOS sensors process. Careful design for yield, and good tiling technology can partially compensate for the CIS drawbacks mentioned above and make wide use of the superior CIS technology. The super high dynamic range, and the ‘colored’ X-ray sensor examples can give small hints of the torrent of new innovative ideas which are still to come. However, the most promising aspect of CIS for X-ray applications is the open gate for a whole world of sophisticated functions offered by the availability of modern in-pixel VLSI circuitry. CIS has better basic X-ray sensor performance parameters like QE, MTF, speed, noisefloor, and power consumption. Though inherently suffering from costly VLSI Si process and wafer dimensions limits, CIS sensors are winning in almost all other fronts. In the case of intra oral dental, CIS sensors are almost completely replacing CCD sensors, and in medical applications, increasingly competing with the other players like the a:Si panels. Fenigstein, in High Performance Silicon Imaging, 2014 12.9 Conclusion and future trendsĬIS sensors for X-ray applications is a fast growing and developing niche of the medical X-ray field. Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) X-ray sensorsĪ.
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